The Strong, the Weak, and the Troubled

Bullying and being victimized by bullies have been recognized recently as health problems for school children because of their association with a range of adjustment problems, including poor mental health and violent behavior.  Large studies suggest that 20-30% of students are involved in bullying (as perpetrators and/or victims) on a frequent basis.  Many of these studies rely on self-report.  But there is concern that youth involved in bullying (as victims and perpetrators) may not accurately self-identify and that others, namely their classmates, would provide a more accurate assessment. 

A community sample of almost two thousand Latino and black 6th graders from 11 Los Angeles schools was surveyed.  Students in special education were excluded.  Student surveys were self-administered (over the course of one hour).  Teachers who had daily exposure to the class rated students’ social behavior and academic engagement. 

Twenty-two percent of the sample were involved in bullying.  This includes perpetrators of bullying (7%), victims (9%), and those who were both (6%).  All these groups had more school problems and difficulties getting along with classmates.  Bullies were psychologically strongest of these groups and enjoyed high social standing among their classmates.  Victims were emotionally distressed and socially marginalized among their classmates.  The most troubled group were those who were both victims and bullies – displaying the highest level of conduct, school, and peer relationship problems.  The authors recommend public-awareness campaigns that not only inform professionals and parents about bullying, but also encourage youth to speak out about their problems. 

(Juvonen J et al. Pediatrics 2003;112(6):1231-1237.)

Comment:  On page 1421 of the same issue of this journal, Dr. Howard Spivak reminds us that in addition to short-term consequences of bullying (described in this article), there are long term associations with bullying such as criminal activity later in life and  adult depression.  We cannot blame children for behavior that derives from home environment, community circumstances and media images.  Rather, we must assist them with mental health services improved school environment and resources.  Ultimately, a community approach to violence prevention is necessary.      – H.T.